French & Italian Graduate Proficiency Exams
The Graduate Reading Proficiency Exam in French or Italian is designed to allow graduate students from other Departments & programs to demonstrate reading proficiency in French or Italian in their area of specialization. These exams are offered once each semester and consist of the translation of a 500-word passage from a secondary source, typically a scholarly journal, in the candidate's area of study. Candidates will have two hours to complete the translation and may use a dictionary.
The reading passage is provided by the student's Department (either the faculty advisor or the Graduate Studies Director), with guidelines for the selection of the passage detailed below. The exam is graded on a pass/non-pass basis by the Exam Coordinator in French or Italian.
Note: students are responsible for contacting their advisor and requesting that they submit a passage.
Procedure:
- Students will receive instructions via email from Matt Lang at 10:00am on the exam date.
- Students will have 2 hours to complete and return the exam to Matt Lang.650@osu.edu.
- Students may use a dictionary of their choice (recommendations below) but may not use any other translation tools.
Take a course option instead of the exam:
The Department of French & Italian offers a course designed to give students a reading knowledge of the language.
- French 6571 - Reading French 1 is designed for students with little or no background in French. It includes an intensive study of the basics of French grammar and vocabulary and develops the students’ ability to translate general interest articles as well as texts in their specialized field of study. Credit for 6571 does not apply to the minimum number of hours required for the master's or doctoral degrees (GSH§4.0).
- Italian 5101 - Intensive Italian includes an intensive study of the basics of Italian grammar and vocabulary and develops the students’ ability to translate general interest articles as well as texts in their specialized field of study. With a passing grade of "B" or better, students may use this take a course option to demonstrate language proficiency in Italian. 5101, if taken at the graduate level, may count for graduate credit. Students should discuss details with their home program prior to enrolling.
The exams take place on the eleventh Wednesday of the semester.
Spring 2025
Deadline for registration and submission of translation passages: Wednesday, March 12
Exam date: Wednesday, March 19
Deadline for notification of exam results: Friday, April 4
Summer 2025
Deadline for registration and submission of translation passages: Wednesday, July 10
Exam date: Wednesday, July 16
Deadline for notification of exam results: Friday, August 1
Autumn 2025
Deadline for registration and submission of translation passages: Wednesday, October 29
Exam date: Wednesday, November 5
Deadline for notification of exam results: Friday, November 21
Upon receiving the request form from the student, the faculty advisor or Graduate Studies Director will select and submit a 500-word reading passage from a secondary source, bearing in mind the student's research interests and emphasis of study.
Owing to the individualized nature of each exam, the perceived level of difficulty of the reading passages will vary. The following stylistic descriptions of scholarly texts are offered as a reference in assessing the appropriateness of any given passage.
Types of stylistic scholarly texts
If the faculty advisor or Graduate Studies Director chooses a text whose style is ABOVE Type 1, they should inform the student accordingly.
French
Type 1: Conventional academic style (e.g., a typical scholarly article with conventional style, syntax and word usage)
Les documents de la "Dhabtia" encore peu exploités contiennent une massed'informations à défricher pour faire renaître les vestiges de l'histoire sociale engénéral et plus particulièrement celle des Juifs tunisiens en ce qui nous concerne. Lesmilliers d'affaires nocturnes et diurnes enregistrées par le conseil de "Dhabtia"permettent de dévoiler des aspects de la vie quotidienne relatifs à la criminalité.
Type 2: Unconventional critical style (e.g., post-modern blending of philosophical, literary and critical discourse characterized by a complex style, syntax and word usage)
La passion ne cesse d'inventer des limites qu'elle veut enfreindre, elle ne se déploieque dans la tension engendrée par les limites étroites que sont la famille, l'idée dudestin, la guerre et la politique, elle veut connaître l'excès, l'en-trop de sondébordement. La folie originaire d'Eros n'est que transgression d'une loi, n'est quejouissance dans la profanation du débordement. D'où la beauté.
Type 3: A pre-contemporary style (e.g., pre-twentieth-century criticism or commentary characterized by archaic style, syntax, word usage, and spellings)
Pour opérer ce changement important, le maître de police, accompagné d'un ingénieuret de quelques agens, traçoit successivement la largeur des rues, de manière à cequ'une voiture pût y passer. L'alignement étoit soigneusement observé, et l'onaccordoit aux habitants un délai assez court pour rebâtir en briques leurs maisons, quin'ont, en général, que douze ou quinze pieds de hauteur.
Italian
Type 1: Conventional academic style (e.g., a typical scholarly article with conventional style, syntax and word usage)
Il trattato di Jürgen Renn1 è un’ampia sintesi, molto ben argomentata, di numerose ricerche organizzate dal Max Planck Institute for the History of Science a partire dal 1994. La tesi cruciale difesa da Renn è il superamento del noto approccio di Thomas Kuhn sul progresso della conoscenza nelle scienze. Kuhn definisce “rivoluzione scientifica” un processo nel quale un “paradigma” viene criticato e superato da un nuovo paradigma, come ha dimostrato il caso emblematico della rivoluzione copernicana rispetto al sistema planetario tolemaico.
Type 2: Unconventional critical style (e.g., post-modern blending of philosophical, literary and critical discourse characterized by a complex style, syntax and word usage)
La critica letteraria italiana, nell'ultimo sessantennio, è dominata, volente o nolente, dalle teorie e forme metodologiche, che il Croce, con assidua opera di critico e di filosofo, è venuto bandendo attraverso la molteplice opera sua. In principio, tra il 1900 e il 1910, si profilò come un'antitesi tra scuola estetica e scuola storica, tra metodo este tico e metodo filologico ; senonché, a poco a poco, questa antitesi polemica è venuta sparendo, e i seguaci della critica estetica si sono sforzati sempre di fare critica storica, storia della poesia, storia della cultura, storia della vita morale, tra loro distinguentisi e intersecantisi ;
Type 3: A pre-contemporary style (e.g., pre-twentieth-century criticism or commentary characterized by archaic style, syntax, word usage, and spellings)
Esattamente i primi giudici hanno affermato ohe la diminuzione del capitale bestiame arreca danno al fondo soggetto ad usufrutto, che viene privato del letame che i capi di bestiame venduti avrebbero prodotto. D'altra parte non è solo al danno derivato al fondo che deve aversi riguardo ai fini di disporre la cauzione, ma anche al pericolo che il proprietario, al cessare dell'usufrutto, non possa ottenere la restituzione del capitale bestiame di sua proprietà, e quindi anche in caso di buona coltivazione del fondo, può chiedersi la cauzione quando l'usufruttuario per alienazione eccessiva riduca di molto le cose da lui concesse in usufrutto.
Review the textbook:
The 6571 and 5101 course options typically use programmed textbook giving an overview of French or Italian grammar and vocabulary with self-corrected exercises and sample translation texts. Even if you have studied French or Italian before, you would be advised to review this text, as it presents in a simple form advanced constructions not normally addressed in beginning language courses. These would include exclusively literary verb tenses, complex syntactical structures (including inverted word order), and idiomatic phrases among others, all of which are typical of the primary and secondary sources used in graduate research. Please reach out to Matt Lang.650 for more information about textbooks.
Talk to your faculty advisor and/or Graduate Studies Director:
Have a discussion with your faculty advisor and/or Graduate Studies Director about the different research materials in French or Italian which you could expect to find useful in your field. Specifically, it will be helpful to assess the stylistic type (or types) of scholarly texts which you are expected to be able to translate for your work and for the exam.
Practice:
Following your discussion with your faculty advisor and/or Graduate Studies Director, select several texts and, if appropriate, a variety of textual types (e.g., primary and secondary sources, conventional and unconventional critical style) to read and translate.
- First, read lengthier passages to familiarize yourself with the vocabulary of your specialized field. Practice identifying key words or phrases, and look these up immediately as you read so as to be able to have an overall view of the work.
- On your first reading, you may underline words you do not know and look these up as you proceed to translate the text. Remember, consult an unabridged, or at least college-level bilingual dictionary; pocket dictionaries are not designed for research-level work.
- Keep a short list of "trouble" passages. Is the word order inverted? Is there a pronoun with a mystery antecedent? Is there a verb form you have never seen before? Are there phrases that make no sense, even though you have looked up all the words? It is important to try to resolve these problems, as they are likely to reappear on the exam passage. Consult French for Reading for simple explanations of advanced grammatical forms and make sure that your dictionary has thorough entries including idiomatic usages.
- Finally, choose a passage of approximately 500 words, and with your dictionary at your side, practice translating the text in two hours. When you have finished, read your English translation for coherence and fluency. (For more on the criteria used to evaluate translations, see the American Translator's Association.
- For additional advice on taking a translation exam, consult the American Translator's Association's "Tips for Candidates" preparing the ATA certification exam
Why is the exam limited to secondary sources?
Traditionally the exams have been limited to secondary sources, primarily articles taken from scholarly journals. Primary sources, including works of fiction, diaries, journals, field notes, etc., may pose problems of interpretation in the original which are beyond the scope of a translation exam. Included in these challenges may be extra-textual references, use of slang or non-standard vocabulary, sentence fragments, puns, and all varieties of poetic language.
What is the best dictionary?
There are a number of good bilingual "college" dictionaries, and best of all would be an unabridged version. Collins, Larousse, and Harrap's are among the most popular. Above all, avoid using a pocket dictionary; they are not designed for translating complex, scholarly texts.
May I use an online dictionary?
Yes, online dictionaries are allowed in the exam. DO NOT use Google Translate or other such service to aid with this translation. It is also not recommended that you use translators to practice, as they are designed to translate simple oral communication and not written documents typical of graduate-level research.
Do I translate literally or should I put my translation in fluent English?
Your English translation should read fluently while preserving the meaning of the French or Italian original. A too-literal translation can lead to faulty meaning, while a too-free translation can miss essential nuances in the original. For a lengthier discussion of this question, see the American Translator's Association.
Is the exam written long-hand or on a computer?
The exam is typed on a computer using Microsoft Word and returned via email to Matt Lang.650.
The completed translations are graded by the Exam Coordinators in French or Italian according to the following criteria:
PASS: The translation is complete and accurately conveys the sense of the passage, without distortions (although minor lapses are permitted). Basic verb tenses and idioms are translated correctly. The translation is not overly literal and is written in fluent, idiomatic English.
NON-PASS: The translation shows a general misunderstanding of the basic events of the passage or is repeatedly inaccurate. Verb tenses and idioms are repeatedly mistranslated. The translation is overly literal, displaying no sense of the nuances of the original. The translation is incomplete.
For a more detailed description of the criteria used to judge a translation, consult the website of the American Translator's Association, specifically the page devoted to the grading of the Certification Exam.
Example of Successful and Unsuccessful translations
French original
Elevée dans un milieu simple et rigide, la princesse ne s'adapta que très mal à la vie brillante et dissolue de la cour de Louis XIV. Elle "boudait souvent la compagnie, dit d'elle Saint-Simon, s'en faisait craindre par son humeur dure et farouche et, quelquefois, par ses propos, . . ."
Unsuccessful translation
Raised in a simple and rigid milieu, the princess did not adapt herself that very poorly to the brilliant and dissolute life from the court of Louis XIV. She "sulked often the company, says of her Saint-Simon, made herself to fear of it by her hard and ferocious humor and, sometimes, by her words."
Successful translation
Raised in a simple and rigid milieu, the princess adapted very poorly to the brilliant and dissolute life of Louis XIV's court. She often stayed away from people at the court, Saint-Simon said of her, and made herself feared by them owing to her hard and unsociable mood, and sometimes, to her words."
Italian original
In questo quadro la determinazione di Barbara Strozzi nel voler pubblicare i suoi lavori assume un particolare significato. Seppure col precedente di Francesca Caccini – compositrice apparentemente prolifica, pubblicò invero soltanto due lavori – Barbara volle conquistarsi una posizione ‘pubblica’, all’epoca inusuale per una donna, soprattutto come compositrice. E se nelle prime pubblicazioni ella lascia trasparire la propria femminilità con una punta di prudenza nelle dediche (a Francesca della Rovere nell’Op. 1 «la prima opera che come donna troppo arditamente mando in luce»; a Ferdinando III d’Austria nell’Op. 2 «Non può la vile miniera del povero ingegno d’una donna produrre metallo da fabricar ricchissime corone d’oro al merito degli Augusti»), nessuna specificazione compare invece nell’Op. 5 e 6: segno evidente di un’acquisita autorità pubblica come autrice di musiche e dell’evidente distanza rispetto alle altre cantanti solo incidentalmente dedicatesi alla composizione.
Unsuccessful translation
In this square the determination of Barbara Strozzi to want to publish her works takes on a particular significance. Even with precedence to Francesca Caccini--an apparently prolific composer, despite publishing only two works—Barbara wanted to conquest a public position, in an unusual era for a woman, above all a female composer. And in the first publications she leaves to shine through her own femininity with a point of prudence in the dedication (to Francesca of the Oak in Op.1 the first opera about how too many woman bravely send in light; to Ferdinando III of Austria in Op.2 <<She could not the contemptible mine of poor intelligence of a woman to produce metal from rich fabric of gold at the merit of the Augustines>> not any specific pal instead in the Op.5 e 6: an evident sign to gain public authority as a musical author and of the evident distant respect to the other singers only incidentally devoted to the composition.
Italian original
Negli ultimi anni si è discusso molto in ambito accademico e politico su come contenere o ridurre i potenziali effetti negativi sull’economia generati dai terremoti. Tuttavia, nonostante gli eventi sismici provochino squilibri in molti settori dell'economia locale, si stenta ancora a raggiungere un consenso nella letteratura riguardo la loro incidenza sull'attività economica: i precedenti studi sono giunti a conclusioni contrastanti riguardo le modalità con cui i disastri si ripercuotono sul prodotto locale e sull'occupazione. Inoltre, poiché tali eventi naturali sono rari e i controfattuali sono spesso assenti, permane incertezza in merito agli effetti moltiplicativi sul prodotto dei fondi pubblici per l’assistenza e la ricostruzione.
Successful translation
Concerns over containing or reducing the potential negative effects on economic activity generated by earthquakes have been an important driver of policy and academic debates in recent years. However, even if earthquakes create disarray in large sectors of the local economy, there is still little or no consensus on their impact on economic activity: previous papers have reached opposing conclusions on how disasters affect local output and employment. Furthermore, because of the nature of such natural events (earthquakes are rare and counterfactuals are often absent) there remains uncertainty over the multiplicative effects on output of public grants for assistance and reconstruction.